DKSESS 100KW OFF GRID/HYBRID A pau i loko o hoʻokahi ʻōnaehana mana solar.

Ka hoʻohālikelike o nā pila ma ka ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kemika ke ʻano o ka pākaukau.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka pākī waikawa lead, ka pā lithium, ka nickel hydrogen battery, ka wai kahe (vanadium battery), sodium sulfur battery, lead carbon battery, etc. e like me ke ʻano o ka pākaukau i koho ʻia.

1. Bateri waika alakaʻi
Loaʻa i nā ʻakika ʻakika kepau ka colloid a me ka wai (ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pākī waikika maʻamau).Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻano pila ʻelua e like me nā wahi like ʻole.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pākaukau colloid, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana ʻana i ka ikehu ma mua o ka pā wai i ka wā ma lalo o 15 ° C, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana insulation thermal.

He mea hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pākēneka lead-acid Colloid ma ka pākaukau lead-acid maʻamau me ka wai electrolyte.Hoʻohana ʻia ka colloid electrolyte e pani i ka sulfuric acid electrolyte, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pākaukau maʻamau e pili ana i ka palekana, ka hiki ke mālama, ka hana hoʻokuʻu a me ke ola lawelawe.Hoʻohana ʻo Colloidal lead-acid battery i ka electrolyte gel, ʻaʻohe wai manuahi i loko.Ma lalo o ka leo like, he nui ka mana o ka electrolyte, ka nui o ka wela, a me ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka wela, hiki ke pale i ke ʻano holo ʻana o ka wela o nā pākahi maʻamau;Ua nāwaliwali ka ʻino o ka pā electrode ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa electrolyte;ʻAʻole kūlike ka ʻike a ʻaʻohe stratification electrolyte.

ʻO ka pākaukau lead-acid maʻamau he ʻano pākaukau nona ka electrode i hana nui ʻia me ke alakaʻi a me kāna oxide, a ʻo ka electrolyte he sulfuric acid solution.I ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pākaukau lead-acid, ʻo ka mea nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ke alakaʻi dioxide, a ʻo ka mea nui o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole ke alakaʻi;I ka moku'āina hoʻouka, ʻo nā mea nui o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ke alakaʻi sulfate.ʻO ka voltage nominal o kahi pahu pahu alakaʻi-acid hoʻokahi he 2.0V, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i 1.5V a kau ʻia i 2.4V;Ma ke noi, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻeono mau pahu pahu alakaʻi-acid hoʻokahi i ka moʻo e hana i kahi pākaukau 12V nominal lead-acid, a me 24V, 36V, 48V, etc.

ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi loa e komo pū ana: ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana palekana, ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu ea, ka mālama maʻalahi, ka lōʻihi o ka lawelawe ʻana, ka maikaʻi kūpaʻa, ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, a me ka mālama ʻole ʻia;ʻO ka hemahema, ʻo ia ka nui o ka pollution pollution a haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka ikehu (ʻo ia hoʻi, kaumaha loa).

2. Lithium pākahiko
ʻO ka "Baila Lithium" kahi ʻano pākaukau me ka metala lithium a i ʻole lithium alloy e like me ka cathode material a me ka wai electrolyte solution non-aqueous.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: lithium metal battery a me lithium ion battery.

Hoʻohana maʻamau ka pilahi metala i ka manganese dioxide ma ke ʻano he cathode, me ka lithium metala a i ʻole kona metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka cathode, a hoʻohana i ka hopena electrolyte non-aqueous.Hoʻohana maʻamau nā ʻōhua lithium i nā mea hao hao lithium alloy ma ke ʻano he cathode, graphite ma ke ʻano cathode, a me nā electrolytes non-aqueous.ʻAʻole loaʻa ka lithium metala i loko o nā ʻona lithium ion a hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia.ʻO ka pākaukau lithium a mākou e hoʻohana ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, he lithium ion battery, i kapa ʻia ʻo "lithium battery".

ʻO nā pākahi lithium i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu ka mea nui: lithium iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium battery and lithium manganate battery.ʻO ka pākaukau hoʻokahi he voltage kiʻekiʻe, ākea ka laulā hana, ka ikehu kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe a me ka pono, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka palekana a me ke ola ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana.No laila, i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā pono a me nā pōʻino o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole, ua lilo nā pā lithium i koho mua no nā kikowaena mana mālama ikehu ma muli o kā lākou kaulahao ʻoihana ʻoi loa, palekana, hilinaʻi a me ke aloha o ka nohona.

ʻO kāna mau pōmaikaʻi nui: ka lōʻihi o ka lawelawe ʻana, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ke kaumaha māmā a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi;ʻO nā hemahema he palekana maikaʻi ʻole, pahū maʻalahi, kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me nā kūlana hoʻohana palena ʻole.

Lithium hao phosphate
ʻO ka pahu lithium iron phosphate e pili ana i ka pākaukau lithium ion e hoʻohana ana i ka lithium iron phosphate ma ke ʻano he cathode.ʻO nā mea cathode o nā pali lithium ion ka nui o ka lithium cobalate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel oxide, nā mea ternary, lithium iron phosphate, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

Lithium iron phosphate ma ke ʻano he lithium power battery material i ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.I ka makahiki 2005 i hoʻomohala ʻia kahi pākahi lithium hao phosphate nui ma Kina.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kāna hana palekana a me ke ola pōʻai me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO ke ola pōʻai o 1C ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a hiki i 2000 mau manawa.ʻO ka volta overcharge o kahi pākahiko hoʻokahi he 30V, ʻaʻole e ʻā a ʻaʻole e pahū.He maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana lithium ion me ka mana nui i hana ʻia me ka lithium iron phosphate cathode material e hoʻohana ʻia i ka moʻo e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka hoʻouka pinepine ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kaʻa uila.

ʻO ka Lithium iron phosphate he meaʻawaʻawaʻole, pollution-free, palekana, hoʻolaha nuiʻia nā kumu waiwai, cheap, ola lōʻihi a me nā pono'ē aʻe.He mea cathode maikaʻi loa ia no nā ʻōhua lithium ion hou.Loaʻa nā pōʻino ʻole o ka pā hao phosphate lithium.No ka laʻana, he liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka pā o ka lithium iron phosphate cathode, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka pā hao lithium iron phosphate me ka mana like ma mua o nā pākahi lithium ion e like me ka lithium cobalate, no laila ʻaʻohe ona pono i nā pihi micro.

Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lithium iron phosphate, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kāna hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā mea cathode ʻē aʻe e like me ka lithium manganate.Ma keʻano laulā, no ke kelepona hoʻokahi (e hoʻomaopopo he kelepona hoʻokahi ia ma mua o ka pūʻolo pila), ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pūʻolo pila,

Pili kēia i nā kūlana hoʻoheheʻe wela), ʻo kona hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o 60 ~ 70% ma 0 ℃, 40 ~ 55% ma - 10 ℃, a me 20 ~ 40% ma - 20 ℃.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻohana o ka lako mana.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaikaʻi kekahi mau mea hana i ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka lithium iron phosphate ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana electrolyte, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano electrode maikaʻi, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana waiwai a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka hale cell.

ʻO ka pākahi lithium Ternary
ʻO ka pilahi lithium polymer Ternary e pili ana i ka pākaukau lithium nona ka mea cathode he lithium nickel cobalt manganate (Li (NiCoMn) O2) mea cathode ternary.Hana ʻia ka ternary composite cathode me ka paʻakai nickel, ka paʻakai cobalt a me ka paʻakai manganese e like me nā mea maka.Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa o ka nickel, cobalt a me ka manganese i ka ternary polymer lithium battery e like me nā pono maoli.ʻO ka pākaukau me nā mea ternary e like me ka cathode he palekana kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pā lithium cobalt, akā haʻahaʻa loa kona voltage.

ʻO kāna mau pōmaikaʻi nui: ka hana pōʻai maikaʻi;ʻO ka hemahema ʻo ia ka palena o ka hoʻohana.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kulekele kūloko ma nā ʻāpana lithium ternary, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pā lithium ternary.

Lithium manganate pākaukau
ʻO ka pākaukau lithium manganate kekahi o nā mea pono cathode lithium ion.Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā mea cathode maʻamau e like me ka lithium cobalate, lithium manganate nā mea maikaʻi o nā waiwai waiwai, nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa,ʻaʻohe pollution, palekana maikaʻi, hana hoʻonui maikaʻi, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kāna hana pōʻai maikaʻi ʻole a me ke kūpaʻa electrochemical e kaupalena nui i kāna ʻoihana.ʻO ka lithium manganate ka nui o ka spinel lithium manganate a me ka lithium manganate.ʻO ka spinel lithium manganate he hale paʻa a maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻoihana.ʻO nā huahana mākeke o kēia lā nā mea a pau o kēia ʻano.ʻO Spinel lithium manganate no ka ʻōnaehana kristal cubic, Fd3m pūʻulu kikowaena, a ʻo ka mana kikoʻī theoretical he 148mAh/g.Ma muli o ke ʻano ʻekolu-dimensional tunnel, hiki ke hoʻohuli hou ʻia nā ion lithium mai ka lattice spinel me ka ʻole o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hale, no laila he hana hoʻonui maikaʻi a paʻa.

3. NiMH pākahiko
ʻO ka pila NiMH kahi ʻano pākaukau me ka hana maikaʻi.ʻO ka mea hana maikaʻi o ka nickel hydrogen battery ʻo Ni (OH) 2 (i kapa ʻia ʻo NiO electrode), ʻo ka mea hana ʻino he metala hydride, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka hydrogen storage alloy (kapa ʻia ka hydrogen storage electrode), a ʻo ka electrolyte he 6mol/L potassium hydroxide solution. .

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pākaukau nickel metal hydride kiʻekiʻe-voltage nickel metal hydride battery a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nickel metal hydride pākahiko.

Loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona penei: (1) ʻO 1.2 ~ 1.3 V ka uila uila, e like me ka nickel cadmium battery;(2) ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 mau manawa o ka pā nickel cadmium;(3) Ka hoʻouka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻokuʻuʻana, ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi;(4) Sealable, ikaika overcharge a hoʻokuʻu kū'ē;(5) ʻAʻohe dendritic crystal generation, hiki ke pale i ke kaapuni pōkole i ka pā;(6) Palekana a hilinaʻi, ʻaʻohe haumia i ke kaiapuni, ʻaʻohe hopena hoʻomanaʻo, etc.

Loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nickel hydrogen kiʻekiʻe: (1) Paʻa paʻa.He maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka uku, hiki ke kū i ka helu hoʻokuʻu kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻohe hoʻokumu dendrite.He waiwai kiko'ī maikaʻi kona.ʻO 60A · h/kg kona mana nui kikoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi he 5 mau manawa o ka pā nickel cadmium.(2) Ke ola pōʻai lōʻihi, a hiki i nā kaukani manawa.(3) Hoʻopaʻa pihaʻia, emi ka mālama.(4) He maikaʻi ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole loli nui ka mana ma - 10 ℃.

ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi nui o ka pākaukau NiMH: ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wikiwiki, ke kaumaha māmā, ke ola lōʻihi o ka lawelawe ʻana, ʻaʻohe pollution kaiapuni;ʻO nā hemahema he hopena hoʻomanaʻo liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia hoʻokele, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana i ka hoʻoheheʻe hoʻokaʻawale pākahi.

4. Ke kahe kaʻa
He ʻano pākaukau hou ke kahe wai wai.ʻO ka pila wai kahe wai he pākaukau hana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana ana i ka electrolyte maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale a kaʻa kaʻawale.Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ke kahua noi ākea (ka puni) a me ke ola pōʻai lōʻihi.He huahana ikehu hou ia i kēia manawa.

Hoʻohana maʻamau ka pila wai kahe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana o ka mana e mālama ai i ka ikehu. i haku ʻia me ka nui o nā pūnaewele no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka oxidation) a me hoʻokahi cell no ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana e like me nā koi kikoʻī i ka moʻo, a ua like kona ʻano me ka hoʻopaʻa wahie.

ʻO Vanadium flow battery kahi ʻano hou o ka mālama mana a me nā lako mālama ikehu.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea mālama mālama ikehu no nā kaʻina hana o ka mana o ka lā a me ka makani, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka kahiki kiʻekiʻe o ka mana mana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka mana mana a me ka palekana o ka mana mana.ʻO kāna mau pono nui: ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi, ke ola pōʻai lōʻihi, nā manawa pane wikiwiki, a ʻaʻohe hoʻokuʻu ʻino;ʻO ka hemahema ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka ikehu.

5. ʻO ka pāʻani sulfur sodium
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pākaukau sodium sulfur me ka pole maikaʻi, pole ʻino, electrolyte, diaphragm a me ka pūpū.ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻenekini lua maʻamau (nā ʻeke-acid-lead, nickel cadmium batteries, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).ʻO ka mea hana o ka pole maikaʻi ʻole he sodium metala metala, a ʻo ka mea hana o ka pou maikaʻi he sulfur wai a me ka sodium polysulfide hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.ʻO ka pākuʻi lua me ka sodium metala e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ka sulfur ma ke ʻano electrode maikaʻi a me ka paipu ceramic ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokaʻawale electrolyte.Ma lalo o kekahi kēkelē hana, hiki ke hoʻololi hou nā ion sodium me ka sulfur ma o ka membrane electrolyte e hana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻano kumu mana kemika hou, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia kēia ʻano pākaukau mai ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai.He liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka pākaukau sodium sulfur, nui ka mana, lōʻihi ke ola a kiʻekiʻe i ka pono.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu uila e like me ka shaving peak a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ke awāwa, ka lako mana pilikia a me ka hana makani.

ʻO kāna mau pōmaikaʻi nui penei: 1) Loaʻa iā ia ka ikehu kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ikehu uila kūpono no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana nui a i ʻole ka nui o ka ʻāpana o ka pā).ʻO 760Wh/Kg kona ikehu manaʻo, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 150Wh/Kg, 3-4 mau manawa o ka pākaukau lead-acid.2) I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu me ka mana nui a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe.Hiki ke hiki i ka 200-300mA/cm2 kona hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēia manawa, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i 3 mau manawa o kona ikehu i ka manawa koke;3) ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka pono.

Loaʻa nā hemahema i ka pā uila sodium sulfur.ʻO kona mahana hana he 300-350 ℃, no laila pono e hoʻomehana ʻia ka pākaukau a mālama ʻia i ka wā o ka hana.Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia kēia pilikia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana insulation thermal insulation kiʻekiʻe.

6. Lead carbon battery
ʻO ka pahu kalapona kepau kahi ʻano o ka capacitive lead acid battery, ʻo ia ka ʻenehana i hoʻomohala ʻia mai ka pākaukau lead acid.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ke ola o ka pākī waikawa lead ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kalapona ikaika i ka pou ʻino o ka pā.

ʻO ka pahu kalapona alakaʻi he ʻano hou o ka pākaukau super, kahi e hui pū ai i ka pākaukau lead acid a me ka super capacitor: ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi wale i ka pāʻani i nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hiki ke hoʻopiʻi nui i ka super capacitor, akā hāʻawi pū i ka pāʻani i ka ikehu kikoʻī. ka pono o ka pahu waika alakaʻi, a he maikaʻi loa ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hana - hiki ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia i loko o 90 mau minuke (inā ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka ʻakika alakaʻi a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku kona ola ma mua o 30 mau manawa).Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka carbon (graphene), ua pale ʻia ke ʻano o ka sulfation o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kahi kumu o ka pau ʻole o ka pākaukau i ka wā ma mua a hoʻonui i ke ola pākaukau.

ʻO ka pahu kalapona alakaʻi he hui ʻia o ka asymmetric supercapacitor a me ke alakaʻi ʻakika pākahi ma ke ʻano o ka pilina pili kūloko.Ma ke ʻano he ʻano hou o ka pākaukau super, ʻo ka pahu kalapona alakaʻi he hui pū ʻana o nā ʻenehana o ka pākaukau lead acid a me ka supercapacitor.ʻO ia kahi pākaukau mālama ikehu hana ʻelua me nā hiʻohiʻona capacitive a me nā ʻano pākaukau.No laila, ʻaʻole wale ia e hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i nā pono o ka super capacitor instantaneous power charging me ka mana nui, akā hāʻawi pū i ka pāʻani piha i ka pono o ka ikehu o nā pākī lead-acid, hiki ke hoʻopiha piha ʻia i hoʻokahi hola.Loaʻa iā ia ka hana maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana kalapona alakaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o ka pahu kalapona alakaʻi ma mua o ka pākēneka lead acid, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa ikehu hou, e like me nā kaʻa uila hybrid, nā kaʻa uila a me nā māla ʻē aʻe;Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kahua o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hou, e like me ka hana makani makani a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.